桥牌世界标准体系
桥牌世界整理
|
Title |
Bridge World Standard Complete System BWS 2001 |
桥牌世界标准体系 BWS 2001完整体系 |
|
Index |
II. General Understandings and Defaults IV. Partnership-Bidding Methods E. After Our Two-Notrump-Family Opening F. After Our One-Notrump Opening G. After Our Major-Suit Opening H. After Our Minor-Suit Opening V. Competitive-Bidding Methods A. Competition After Our Preempt B. Competition After Our Two-Club Opening C. Competition After Our One-Notrump Opening D. Competition After Our Major-Suit Opening E. Competition After Our Minor-Suit Opening F. Competition After Any Suit One-Bid A. Initial Defensive-Action Requirements B. After Our Double of a One-Bid C. After Our Suit Overcall of a One-Bid D. After Our One-Notrump Overcall F. When the Opener has Preempted |
|
|
|
Bridge World Standard encapsultates common American expert practices, determined by polls, as a set of partnership agreements (and, where there is no consensus, non-agreements). It is used as a framework for problems in the Master Solvers’ Club, by impromptu partnerships, and as a basis for discussion by those who wish to formulate their own system. |
BWS系精选美国专家平常所使用的叫牌方法，以投票的方式表决出一组同伴间的约定(以及那些尚未一致、尚未同意的叫品)。在美国的Master Solvers’Club，它以勾选空格的问答方式，提供给初次合作的搭档们使用，并作为讨论的基础以建构出属于他们自己的叫牌体系。 |
|
Where the experts are in substantial agreement (with close cases decided, when possible, by the votes of Bridge World readers at large), those methods become part of the system. Where there are competing popular approaches, alternative methods, called leaves, are listed. |
其中有被大多数专家所同意(当有可能发生时，将投票结果接近的案例，经由BW的广大读者们来投票决定)的叫牌约定，而那些叫牌方式便成为体系的一部份。有些对抗流行的处理方式，而与之相反的叫法，称之为leaves，也一并收录其中。 |
|
|
101 |
A distribution shown with hyphens refers to any pattern including those suit lengths (for example, 5-4-3-1 means any hand with one five-card suit, one four-card suit, one tripleton and one singleton). A distribution shown with equal signs refers to specific suit lengths (for example, 5=4=3=1 means a hand with five spades, four hearts, three diamonds and one club). Balanced means 4-3-3-3, 4-4-3-2 or 5-3-3-2. |
一手牌分配的表达以减号来表示非特定花色长度的任何组合(例如，5-4-3-1即表示持有一门5张、一门4张、一门3张及一门单张花色)。一手牌分配的表达以等号来表示特定花色的长度(例如，5=4=3=1即表示持有5张 |
|
102 |
A competitive action is one taken over an opponent’s bid, double or redouble. An action taken in direct position immediately follows an opponent’s action; one taken in reopening position follows an opponent’s action and two passes. |
竞叫行动是一个盖过敌方叫牌、加倍或再加倍的行动。在直接位置所采取的行动立即跟随在敌方行动之后；在平衡位置所采取的行动跟随在敌方行动并经过两个派司之后。 |
|
103 |
Points refer to 4-3-2-1 high-card points (HCP). |
点力参照4-3-2-1大牌点(HCP)。 |
|
201 |
Bypass rule: If a player bypasses a natural notrump bid to make a nonforcing bid, then later bids notrump competitively uninvited, that notrump bid is unusual (showing additional distribution, not offering to play in notrump). |
迂回法则：如果一方回避自然的无将叫品而去叫出一个不逼叫的叫品，随后又竞叫性地叫出非邀请意义的无将叫品，那个无将叫品是不寻常的(表示特别的分配，而不是真的想打无将定约)。 |
|
202 |
Doubles subject to no explicit agreement: |
未明确约定的加倍： |
|
(a) [default] when a pass would be forcing, a double discourages further offensive bidding [leaf] is for penalty when partner is limited; discourages further offensive bidding when partner is unlimited; |
(a) [default] 当派司为逼叫时，则加倍为不鼓励同伴做更进一步的攻击性叫牌 [leaf] 当同伴牌力限定时为惩罚；当同伴牌力未限定时为不鼓励做更进一步的攻击性叫牌； |
|
|
(b) [default] when a pass would be nonforcing and both partners are unlimited, a double indicates undescribed high-card values, with sufficient length in the suit doubled to sustain a penalty pass on ordinary distribution [leaf] any other agreement; |
(b) [default] 当派司为不逼叫且我方二人牌力未限定时，加倍表示未被叙述的大牌力量，持足够的长度在被加倍花色上，容许同伴持普通的分配来罚放这个加倍 [leaf] 任何其它约定； |
|
|
(c) [default] when a pass would be nonforcing, the doubler is unlimited but his partner is limited, a double is for penalty [leaf] any other agreement; |
(c) [default] 当派司为不逼叫，我方加倍者牌力未限定且同伴的牌力限定时，此时加倍即为惩罚 [leaf] 任何其它约定； |
|
|
(d) when a pass would be nonforcing, either the doubler is limited and his partner is unlimited or both partners are limited, a double is for penalty. |
(d)当派司为不逼叫，我方加倍者牌力限定且同伴的牌力未限定或我方二人牌力皆已被限定时，此时加倍即为惩罚。 |
|
|
203 |
Five notrump: If an undiscussed but clearly forcing noncompetitive five-notrump bid might logically be interpreted as more than one of these alternatives, the priority order of interpretation is (1) Grand-Slam Force, (2) choice of slam, (3) control-showing bid. |
5NT：如果未经讨论但明显是逼叫的、非竞叫性的5NT叫品在逻辑上可能的解释有一种以上的选择时，其解释的优先次序依次为 (1)大满贯逼叫， (2)满贯选择， (3)示控叫法。 |
|
204 |
Forcing vs. nonforcing: When a call could logically be interpreted as either forcing or nonforcing and there is no explicit agreement: |
逼叫对非逼叫：当一个叫品在逻辑上可能被解释为逼叫或非逼叫且没有明确的约定时： |
|
In general: |
在一般情形下： |
|
|
[default] In a competitive situation, treat as nonforcing; in a noncompetitive situation, treat as forcing or nonforcing by which seems more sensible to the observer [leaf] forcing rather than nonforcing. |
[default] 在竞叫状态下，当作是不逼叫来处理；在非竞叫行动时，当作是逼叫或是不逼叫则以何者对观察者而言似乎更为明智来处理。 [leaf] 与其非逼叫不如逼叫。 |
|
|
205 |
Specific cases: |
在特殊情形下： |
|
(a) Vulnerability exerts influence solely in that some situations are forcing only when our side is vulnerable against not. Those situations include at least when the opponents bid at or above game and our side has shown strength or itself bid game nonpreemptively (but there is no agreement on other cases). |
(a)只有当我方有局对抗敌方无局时，在某些情况下，局况不利单独地发挥影响力时是逼叫的。那些情况至少包括当敌方在成局或以上叫牌且我方显示力量或自己非阻击叫性地叫上一局(但在其它情况下并没有约定)。 |
|
|
(b) If we have been forced to game but have not bid game, competitive situations thereafter above the game level are forcing. |
(b)如果我方逼叫成局且尚未叫成一局，在成局线以上的竞叫状态之后为逼叫。 |
|
|
(c) If we have bid game nonpreemptively, the default applies. |
(c)如果我方非阻击叫方式叫上一局，则default适用。 |
|
|
(d) If we have invited game and the invitation has not been declined, competitive situations thereafter are forcing only as high as where the force would have expired noncompetitively. |
(d)如果我方邀请成局且邀请尚未被拒绝，在竞叫状态之后只逼叫到与非竞叫状态下逼叫终止时的阶位一样高。 |
|
|
(e) A two-notrump opening does not create a force if the opponents bid. |
(e)如果2NT开叫被敌方插叫，此后叫牌不一定逼叫。 |
|
|
(f) If a two-club opening is overcalled, responder’s pass is forcing at every level. |
(f)如果2 |
|
|
(g) No force is created after (1) our penalty double or penalty pass of a takeout double when the partnership is not otherwise committed to further bidding; (2) an opponent raises over our takeout double, simple overcall, or jump-overcall of a preemptive opening; (3) an opponent’s preemptive bid over our one-over-one response; (4) a strength-showing redouble by an already-limited hand. |
(g)以下叫品之后就解除再叫义务 (1)当同伴没有其它的承诺做进一步的叫牌时，我方的惩罚加倍或对技术性加倍的罚放。 (2)当敌方阻击叫之后，敌方的加叫盖过我方的技术性加倍，简单争叫，或跳争叫。 (3)我方开叫且一盖一应叫之后，敌方的阻击性阻击叫。 (4)一个由牌力早已限定者所叫出的示强再加倍。 |
|
|
(h) A strength-showing redouble by an unlimited hand creates a force to at least a level dictated by the logic of the auction. |
(h)一个由牌力未限定者所叫出的示强再加倍，逼叫到根据该行动的逻辑所至少应叫到的阶位上。 |
|
|
206 |
Form of scoring: BWS makes no adjustments in its agreements to match changes in the form of scoring (as in matchpoints vs. IMPs). |
计分方式：对于比赛在计分方式上的改变，BWS在它的约定上并不做任何调整(当MP对IMP时)。 |
|
207 |
Four notrump: |
4NT： |
|
(a) If an undiscussed but clearly forcing noncompetitive four-notrump bid might logically be interpreted as more than one of these alternatives, the priority order of interpretation is (1) ace-or key-card-asking convention, (2) offer of general slam encouragement, (3) control-showing bid. |
(a)如果未经讨论但明显是逼叫、非竞叫的4NT叫品在逻辑上的解释有一种以上的选择时，其解释的优先次序依次为 (1)A或关键张问叫约定叫， (2)鼓励叫上满贯的一般性提议， (3)示控叫法。 |
|
|
(b) There is no agreement about an undiscussed competitive four-notrump bid that might logically be interpreted as ace-asking, key-card-asking, or something else. However, if an undiscussed forcing competitive four-notrump bid cannot logically be ace-or key-card-asking, it is for general takeout. |
(b)未经讨论且为竞叫的4NT叫品可能在逻辑上被解释为问A，关键张问叫或其它情形。然而，如果一个未经讨论的逼叫而竞叫的4NT叫品可能在逻辑上不能被解释为问A或关键张问叫时，则为一般的逼叫叫法。 |
|
|
208 |
Interpretation priorities: When a call is subject to different possible interpretations and there is no explicit system agreement, it should be considered: (a) natural rather than artificial; (b) [default] if a double, non-penalty or penalty by which seems more sensible to the observer [leaf] non-penalty rather than penalty; (c) lead-directing or not by which seems more sensible to the observer; (d) if a redouble, business or escape by which seems more sensible to the observer; (e) if a pass over an opponent’s redouble, penalty or escape by which seems more sensible to the observer. |
解释的优先次序：当一个叫品暗示不同可能的解释且没有明确的体系约定时，它是应该被考虑到的： (a)与其人为意义不如自然意义； (b) [default] 加倍是否为惩罚则以何者对观察者而言似乎更为明智来处理 [leaf] 与其惩罚不如非惩罚； (c)是否为指示首攻则以何者对观察者而言似乎更为明智来处理； (d)再加倍为就是要打或逃命则以何者对观察者而言似乎更为明智来处理； (e)对再加倍派司为惩罚或逃命则以何者对观察者而言似乎更为明智来处理。 |
|
209 |
Jumps: |
跳叫： |
|
(a) The default interpretation of a bid one level above a strength-showing force (e.g., one spade-four diamonds) is a splinter. |
(a)一个叫品比强力逼叫更高一阶(如1 |
|
|
(b) The default interpretation of a bid one level above a splinter (e.g., one spade-five diamonds) is Exclusion Key-Card Blackwood. (There are explicit exceptions to this principle.) |
(b)一个叫品比Splinter更高一阶(如1 |
|
|
210 |
Lead-directing doubles: |
指示首攻加倍： |
|
(a) A double of a suitless auction to three notrump or four notrump requests the lead of leader’s shorter major. |
(a)对抗3NT或4NT定约，无花色行动的加倍系要求同伴首攻手上较短的高花。 |
|
|
(b) No special lead is suggested by a double (1) of a suitless auction to six notrump or seven notrump; (2) when some combination of dummy’s suit, leader’s suit, and doubler’s suit is available; (3) when there are expected and unexpected leads; or (4) after the opponents’ previously uncontested Stayman auction. |
(b)没有特殊的首攻被以下加倍所暗示 (1)对抗6NT或7NT定约，无花色行动的加倍； (2)当明手花色，首攻者花色，及加倍者花色的某些组合是有利时； (3)当有被预期或不被预期的首攻时； (4)敌方在非竞叫行动中曾使用过Stayman之后。 |
|
|
(c) A double for an unusual lead against a suit contract cancels an earlier lead-directional message. |
(c)对抗有将定约，加倍系要求排除早先的指示首攻信息去做一个不寻常的首攻。 |
|
|
211 |
Opposing doubles: [default] When a forcing bid is doubled and there is no contrary explicit system agreement or logic from the auction, a pass is forcing and a redouble is to play (suggests a contract). [leaf] pass and redouble are both nonforcing (suggest a contract). |
对抗敌方加倍： [default] 当一个逼叫被加倍且从这个行动上没有相反性明确的体系约定或逻辑，则派司为逼叫且再加倍为就是要打(建议打这个定约)。 [leaf] 派司及再加倍皆不逼叫(建议打这个定约)。 |
|
212 |
Passed-hand situations: When it is logically possible and there is no explicit understanding to the contrary, an action taken by a passed hand has the same general meaning as the corresponding action taken by an unpassed hand, subject to whatever constraints are imposed by the failure to open the bidding. |
开叫派司者的状况：当逻辑上有可能且对其相反性并没有明确的约定时，开叫派司者的叫品视同非开叫派司者的叫品，可接受于被无法开叫所加诸的任何限制。 |
|
213 |
Passes over redoubles: A pass over a redouble is |
对再加倍派司：对再加倍派司是 |
|
(a) for penalty when a preemptive opening is doubled in either position, a suit one-bid is doubled in reopening position, a bid at the two level or higher is doubled after the opponents have bid three or more times; |
(a)当阻击开叫被我方任何位置加倍时、花色一阶开叫被我方平衡位置加倍时、或在敌方叫牌三次以上后的二阶以上叫品被我方加倍时，其意义为惩罚； |
|
|
(b) for takeout when a suit one-bid is doubled in direct position or a new-suit response is doubled; |
(b)当花色一阶开叫被我方直接位置加倍或新花应叫被我方加倍时，其意义为逼叫； |
|
|
(c) subject to no special agreement when a raise of a one-bid, or a one-notrump response, or a one-level bid after the opponents have bid three or more times is doubled. |
(c) 当一阶开叫的简单加叫、或1NT应叫，或在敌方叫牌三次以上后的一阶叫品被我方加倍时，无特别约定可供遵循。 |
|
|
214 |
Redoubles: A redouble is natural (to play) except the following, which are for takeout: (a)opener’s redouble of the direct double of a suit one-bid passed for penalty; (b)advancer’s redouble of either the penalty double of a simple overcall of a one-bid or the double of a two-notrump overcall of a weak two-bid. |
再加倍：除了以下情形被当作逼叫来使用之外，再加倍为自然意义(就是要打)： (a)花色一阶开叫后被直接位置敌家加倍且被另一敌家罚放后之开叫者的再加倍； (b)对一阶开叫做简单争叫被惩罚加倍或对弱二开叫做2NT争叫被惩罚加倍时之回答人的再加倍。 |
|
215 |
Splinters vs. Fragments: When two bids are to be used systemically to show distribution, and either each will show shortness in the suit bid (“splinter”) or each will show shortness in the suit left unbid (“fragment”), the splinter interpretation applies in all cases. |
Splinters对Fragments：当这两种叫法都被叫牌体系用来作为表示分配，且其中一个为在所叫花色上表示短门(Splinters)或另一个为在未叫花色上表示短门(Fragments)时，Splinters的解释适用于所有的情况。 |
|
216 |
Suit jumps: [default] If an undiscussed competitive suit jump might logically be interpreted in more than one way, it is natural [leaf] a fit-jump. |
花色跳叫： [default] 未经讨论且为竞叫的花色跳叫在逻辑上可能的解释有一种以上的选择时，即为自然意义 [leaf] 有配合的新花跳叫。 |
|
217 |
Two notrump: Competitive two-notrump bids that might be used artificially to help distinguish actions designed to contest the auction from those of a constructive nature are natural. |
2NT：竞叫中的2NT可能人为地被用来帮助从结构性的自然叫中区分出被设计作为竞叫的行动是自然的。 |
|
301 |
Ace-and Key-Card-Asking: (a) When a four-notrump bid is Key-Card Blackwood (KCB), the replies are: [default] 0|3-1|4 (five clubs = 0 or 3 key cards; five diamonds = 1 or 4; five hearts (spades) = 2 without (with) the trump queen) [leaf] 1|4-3|0 (five clubs = 1 or 4 key cards; five diamonds = 0 or 3; five hearts (spades) = 2 without (with) the trump queen) (b) When a four-notrump bid is Six-Key-Card Blackwood (6KCB), the replies are similar with “trump queen” replaced by “key queen.” (c) When a four-notrump bid is Blackwood but is neither KCB nor 6KCB, or when a bid other than four notrump asks for aces, the replies are 0|3-1|4 [one step = 0 or 3 aces; two steps = 1 or 4; three steps = 2]. (d) When Gerber (four clubs asking for aces) is used, the replies are in steps: one step = 0 aces, two steps = 1 ace, and so forth. |
A及关键张询问： (a)当4NT为关键张黑木约定叫(KCB)时，应叫方式为： [default] 0|3-1|4(5 [leaf] 1|4-3|0(5 (b)当4NT为六个关键张黑木约定叫(6KCB)时，应叫方式类似但“将牌Q”取代为“关键花色的Q”。 (c)当4NT为黑木而不是KCB或6KCB时，或是当利用一个4NT以外的叫品来询问A的张数时，应叫方式为0|3-1|4 [第一级 = 0或3个A；第二级 = 1或4个A；第三级 = 2个A]。 (d)当Gerber(以4 |
|
302 |
Agreed Suit and Number of Keys: When four-notrump is a key-card ask, it is 6KCB when and only when two suits have been supported. In KCB, absent an explicit agreement, the priority order for determining the agreed suit is: the only supported suit; the only shown suit; the most recently shown suit. |
被同意的花色及关键张的张数：当4NT为关键张问叫时，只有当两门花色被支持过，则4NT即为6KCB。 就KCB而言，若缺少明确的约定，则决定同意花色的优先级：唯一支持过的花色；唯一叫过的花色；最近叫过的花色。 |
|
303 |
Specific cases: |
特殊状况： |
|
(a) [default] After a two-club opening and a later Blackwood four-notrump bid by opener when there is no explicitly agreed suit: If opener has shown length in only one suit, four notrump is KCB with that suit agreed; otherwise, it is KCB and the usual rules apply. [leaf] four notrump is KCB and the usual agreed-suit rules apply.; |
(a) [default] 当没有明确的同意花色而开叫者在2 [leaf] 4NT为KCB且依通常的同意花色规则来处理。 |
|
|
(b) [default] When responder to a suit one-bid jump-shifts and then bids four notrump, that is Key-Card Blackwood in responder’s suit. [leaf] |
(b) [default] 当应叫者对花色一阶开叫做新花跳叫且之后叫出4NT时，此为对应叫者跳叫花色的KCB。 [leaf] |
|
|
Key-Card Blackwood in opener’s suit. [leaf] not Key-Card Blackwood. |
此为对开叫者花色的KCB。 [leaf] 不是KCB。 |
|
|
|
Approaches to slam decisions: |
满贯决定的处理原则 |
|
304 |
Kaplan Control Principles: When there is an agreed suit: (a) After a slam-try by one partner below four of the agreed suit, (1) a non-signoff bid or redouble by the other is slam-positive and indicates a specific control; (2) failure to show a control is slam-negative, but does not deny that control. (b) After a slam-try by one partner above four of the agreed suit, the other must show any biddable control below five of the agreed suit (and doing so carries no implication of overall extra values). |
Kaplan Control Principles：当有一门同意花色时： (a)在一方于同意花色的四阶以下做满贯试探之后， (1)由另一方叫出的非止叫叫品或再加倍是仍有满贯兴趣且表示特定的控制； (2)无法表示控为缺乏满贯兴趣，但不否认有该门控制。 (b)在一方于同意花色的四阶以上做满贯试探之后，另一方应尽可能在同意花色的五阶以下表示出任何的控制(此种叫牌方式并不保证有任何的额外力量)。 |
|
305 |
Last Train: Any time there is only one call that indicates slam interest or further slam interest without raising the partnership’s level of commitment, it is a “Last Train” slam-try, unrelated to the strain named (unless followed by an uninvited further action). |
Last Train：任何时候只有一个叫品表示满贯兴趣或进一步的满贯兴趣且没有加叫到同伴宣示的阶位称之为“Last Train”试满贯叫法，无关于此用来逼叫的花色(除非下一个叫品不具有邀请意义)。 |
|
306 |
Open suit: When one partner has requested that the other (“replier”) bid slam with at least second-round control of a particular suit (the “open” suit) regardless of the rest of his hand, this scheme is used for replier’s actions: with no control in the open suit, pass or return to (usually five of) the agreed suit; with second-round control, bid six of the agreed suit (or five notrump with the guarded king); with first-round control, control-bid in the open suit (or, with, additionally, first-round or maximum-possible and an as-yet-unshown control in another suit, control-bid in that suit). |
Open suit：当一方要求另一方(“回答人”)在持有特定花色(“开放”花色)第二轮控制以上的时候应叫上满贯，而不必管手上还剩下什么东西，回答人的应叫方式如下：在开放花色上没有控制时，派司或叫回被同意花色(通常在五阶)；持有第二轮控制时，叫六阶被同意花色(或持有护卫的K叫5NT)；持有第一轮控制时，在开放花色上做示控叫品(或者，附带性的，第一轮或有高限牌力可能且未叫花色上有尚未表示的控制时，则在此未叫花色上做示控叫品)。 |
|
307 |
Blackwood follow-ups: (a) a later bid in the agreed suit (or, in 6KCB, in one of the raised suits) is nonforcing. (b) After a 0|3 or 1|4 reply to KCB, the cheapest forcing bid by the Blackwood bidder is a trump-queen-ask if it is below five of the agreed suit, and the negative reply is a return to the agreed suit. After a 0|3 or 1|4 reply to 6KCB, the cheapest bid by the Blackwood bidder below five of a raised suit is a queen-ask relating to both raised suits, with replies in steps: one step, no queen; two steps, one queen; three or more steps, two queens. (c) A five-notrump bid by the Blackwood (or KCB or 6KCB) bidder confirms partnership possession of all the aces (or of all key cards and the trump queen or key queens or equivalent), invites a grand slam, and asks for specific kings outside the agreed suit (in KCB) or outside the raised suits (in 6KCB). |
黑木的后续叫品： (a)叫回将牌(或在6KCB后叫回任何一个被同意花色)为不逼叫。 (b)回答人对KCB应叫0|3或1|4之后，黑木约定叫询问人在五阶将牌以下再叫最便宜的逼叫叫品为询问是否有将牌Q，若回答人没有将牌Q，则叫回五阶将牌。回答人对6KCB应叫0|3或1|4之后，黑木约定叫询问人在五阶将牌以下再叫最便宜的逼叫叫品为询问两门同意花色Q的张数，此时以级数方式回答：第一级为没有Q；第二级为有一个Q；第三级或更高为有二个Q。 (c)黑木(或KCB或6KCB)询问人再叫5NT即是告诉同伴所有的A(或所有的关键张及将牌Q或2张关键的Q或等值情形)都已经齐了，邀请大满贯，且对同意以外的花色(在KCB)或对被支持以外的花色(在6KCB)询问特定的K。 |
|
308 |
Exclusion Blackwood: When a call is defined as Exclusion Blackwood (EB), the replies are in steps similar to Key-Card Blackwood, but the replier does not count the ace of an excluded suit. The EB interpretation applies to certain jumps that name an excluded suit, and also when a player makes a slam-try, indicates a short suit, receives no encouragement, and then bids four notrump (in which case the short suit is an excluded suit). |
除外黑木约定叫：当该叫品被定义成除外黑木约定叫(EB)时，回答人应比照KCB方式按级数应叫，但该除外花色的A不能计算在内。EB一般用在指定跳叫花色为除外花色，也可用在当一方以短门花色试探满贯，却没得到鼓励的响应，然后再以4NT来询问关键张(在这种情况下，这门短门花色就是EB中的除外花色)。 |
|
309 |
Grand-Slam Force: When a five-notrump bid is the Grand-Slam Force (GSF): (a) The scheme for determining the agreed suit is the same as it is for Key-Card Blackwood. (b) Replier bids above the agreed suit with two (or three) of the top three trump honors. With a lesser trump holding, he bids cheapest-weakest (the higher the bid, the stronger the holding). |
大满贯逼叫：当一个5NT叫品为大满贯逼叫(GSF)时： (a)被同意花色的决定方式与关键张黑木约定叫相同。 (b)回答人持顶张大牌的2张(或3张)时应叫上满贯。持有较少的将牌时，则叫最便宜的叫品(叫得越高，力量越强)。 |
|
310 |
Interference: |
插叫处理： |
|
(a) When there is interference after an ace-or key-card-ask, the replies are: (1) at low enough levels, DOPI (double or redouble = 0 or 0|3, pass = 1 or 1|4, cheapest bid = 2 or 2 without the trump queen, etc.); (2) at high enough levels, DEPO (double = even, pass = odd). |
(a)当询问A或关键张被插叫时，则应叫为： (1)在低阶充足阶位时，使用DOPI (加倍或再加倍 = 0 或 0|3，派司 = 1 或 1|4，最便宜叫品 = 2 或2且无将牌Q，余类推。)； (2)在高阶充足阶位时，使用DEPO (加倍为偶数，派司为奇数)。 |
|
|
(b) When there is interference after a Grand-Slam Force, the replies are: (1) at low enough levels, DOPI (double or redouble substitutes for what would have been the cheapest bid, pass substitutes for what would have been the second-cheapest bid, the cheapest bid substitutes for what would have been the third-cheapest bid, etc., subject to the logic of the auction); (2) at high enough levels, DEPO (double = even, pass = odd). |
(b)当大满贯逼叫被插叫时，则应叫为： (1)在低阶充足阶位时：使用DOPI(加倍或再加倍代表最便宜叫品，派司代表第二便宜叫品，最便宜叫品代表第三便宜叫品，余类推，视该行动的逻辑而定)； (2)在高阶充足阶位时，使用DEPO (加倍为偶数，派司为奇数)。 |
|
|
(c) When an artificial slam-try (such as a control-bid or a splinter) is doubled, the weakest action by the next player to speak is a return to the agreed suit (or whatever would have been the weakest action without the double). |
(c)当人为满贯试探叫品(如示控叫品或Splinter)被加倍时，下一家最弱的行动是立刻叫回原来花色(或者不理会加倍，照常采取最弱的行动)。 |
|
|
311 |
Slow arrival: Except where there is a specific agreement to the contrary, when there is a choice between two game-forcing bids in a particular strain, BWS uses “slow arrival” (a jump is either stronger than a simple bid or it is a “picture bid” with a specific descriptive meaning). |
缓达原则：除非有相反的特别约定，当在特殊的困境中且必须在两种逼叫成局的叫法之中做一个选择时，BWS使用“slow arrival”(跳叫的牌力要比非跳叫或以“picture bid”表达特殊的意义时要更强)。 |
|
312 |
Voids: A reply to an ace-or key-card-ask above the usual range shows a void: (a) the cheapest void-showing reply shows two [or an even number of] aces/key cards plus a void; (b) a higher action indicates one [or an odd number of] ace[s]/key card[s] plus a void and, when possible, indicates the suit of the void. |
缺门：越过A或关键张张数询问的正常应叫范围为表示有缺门： (a)最便宜的示缺门应叫表示有2个[或偶数个]A/关键张外加一个缺门。 (b)更高则表示有1个[或奇数个] A/关键张外加一个缺门，如果可能的话，尽量叫出该缺门的花色。 |
|
|
This section describes agreements about auctions in which our side makes the first bid and the opponents do nothing but pass. |
这一节描述有关当我方开叫而敌方未加入叫牌时的行动之约定。 |
|
401 |
BWS-2001 is a mostly natural system based on an artificial strong two-club opening, weak two-bids in the other suits, strong notrump (with Stayman and transfers), and five-card majors (with a semi-forcing one-notrump response). Opening requirements are neither extremely sound nor light. The minimum requirement to open with a long minor is about half a point higher than with a long major. |
在BWS-2001中大部份为自然叫品，建构于人为的2 |
|
402 |
is a minimum one-spade opening bid as dealer with neither side vulnerable. |
为双无局时，开叫1 |
|
403 |
or
is a minimum two-club opening bid as dealer with neither side vulnerable. |
或
为双无局时，开叫2 |
|
404 |
This scheme is used for opening the bidding with a balanced hand: [default] suit, then minimum notrump: 12 to 14 [leaf] suit, then minimum notrump: strong 12 to 14 one notrump: 15 to 17 suit, then strong action in notrump: 18 to 19 two notrump: 20 to weak 22 two clubs, then minimum notrump: strong 22 to 24 [default] two clubs, then two hearts (Kokish) over a two-diamond response, then two notrump over a two-spade relay: 25-plus [leaf] two clubs, then single jump in notrump: 25 to 27 |
持平均牌型的开叫应使用以下表列方式来开叫： [default]花色，然后再叫低限无将：12-14 HCP [leaf]花色，然后再叫低限无将：强的12-14 HCP 1NT：15-17 HCP 花色，然后再叫示强无将：18-19 HCP 2NT：20-弱的22 HCP 2 [default]2 [leaf] 2 |
|
405 |
It is optional to open one notrump with any of these distributions: 5-3-3-2 with a long major, 2=4=2=5, 2=4=5=2, 6-3-2-2 with a long minor. |
1NT开叫时，容许以下牌型：持五张高花的5-3-3-2牌型，2=4=2=5牌型，2=4=5=2牌型，持六张低花的6-3-2-2牌型。 |
|
406 |
It is acceptable to open two notrump (or two clubs, intending to rebid in notrump) with an unstopped doubleton, a five-card major, a six-card minor, or five-four distribution including a five-card minor. |
2NT开叫(或2 |
|
407 |
On the understanding that requirements within an overall style vary with form of scoring, table position and vulnerability, the BWS requirements for initial preemptive openings are not extreme in any direction. |
依照了解其约定视计分方式、开叫位置及局况而定，BWS对初期阻击开叫的需求不得太极端。 |
|
408 |
A three-notrump opening is gambling (solid seven-card minor) with little side strength. |
3NT开叫为赌博性(坚强的七张低花)且旁门无力量。 |
|
409 |
An opening of four of a minor is natural. [default] { Namyats: a strong four-of-a-major opening, clubs = hearts or diamonds = spades. [leaf]} |
开叫四阶低花为自然意义。[default] { Namyats：强的四阶高花开叫， |
|
410 |
A first-or second-position weak two-bid that includes three of this list of characteristics is unacceptable: five cards in the bid suit; seven cards in the bid suit; flimsy (definition adjusted to suit the vulnerability) six cards in the bid suit; side void; side four-card or longer suit. Otherwise, opener may use his judgment. |
第一家及第二家弱二开叫不得有以下情形的其中三种：所叫花色为五张套；所叫花色为七张套；所叫花色为破烂的六张套(视局况状况而定)；旁门有缺门；旁门有四张以上花色。无上述情形时，开叫者可以自行判断是否要弱二开叫。 |
|
411 |
When opening a one-bid in a minor suit: with three-three in the minors, always bid one club; with either four-four in the minors or four diamonds, five clubs and a minimum-range hand, use judgment to decide which minor to open. |
当开叫一阶低花时：持低花3-3时，总是开叫1 |
|
412 |
With a minimum-range five-six hand, open in the higher and shorter suit only when the long suits are adjacent. |
持低限的5-6两门花色时，只有当此两门长花色相连时，才开叫其中较高且较短的花色。 |
|
413 |
On a hand calling for an opening one-bid with five-five in the black suits, opener should always bid one spade. [default] { bid one spade unless the hand is strong. [leaf] } { use some other criterion to decide which suit to open. [leaf] } |
持5-5黑花时，总是开叫1 |
|
414 |
In third or fourth position, it is acceptable to open in a strong four-card major if the auction rates to be manageable thereafter. |
在第三家或第四家开叫时，如果再叫容易处理，则持有好的4张高花而在一阶开叫是可以接受的。 |
|
415 |
Responding to preemptive openings in a suit: When responder is an unpassed hand: |
花色阻击开叫后的应叫：当应叫者为非开叫派司者时： |
|
(a) a four-notrump response or a jump-response of four clubs is a key-card-ask [in opener’s implied major when Namyats is used]; |
(a)4NT应叫或4 |
|
|
(b) a raise of a major-suit preempt to five is a trump-ask after a four-bid, otherwise preemptive (a bar); |
(b)高花阻击叫后加叫到五阶为四阶开叫后的将牌问叫，否则为阻击性(a bar)； |
|
|
(c) a simple new-suit response to partner’s game-level preemptive opening is an asking-bid about the suit named (replies: one step, neither first-nor second-round control; two steps, second-round control; three steps, first-round control; higher, first-and second-round controls); |
(c)对同伴的成局阻击开叫的简单新花应叫为对所叫花色的问叫(应叫方式：第一级，无第一及第二控制；第二级，只有第二控制；第三级，只有第一控制；更高等级，有第一及第二控制)； |
|
|
(d) a simple below-game new-suit response is a one-round force; |
(d)简单的成局线以下的新花应叫为逼叫一轮； |
|
|
(e) a below-game, jump new-suit response other than four clubs is [default:] an asking-bid about the bid suit [leaf] preemptive.; |
(e)成局线以下除了4 [default:]花色问叫 [leaf]阻击叫； |
|
|
(f) when Namyats is used, a one-step response to a four-of-a-minor opening is a slam-try; |
(f)当有使用Namyats时，对四阶低花做加一级应叫为满贯试探； |
|
|
(g) a two-notrump response to a weak two-bid invites game and suggests a fit for opener’s suit. |
(g)对弱二开叫后的2NT应叫为邀请成局且暗示对开叫花色有配合。 |
|
|
416 |
Responses to a three-notrump opening: (a) club bids are “pass or correct”; (b) four notrump is invitational; (c) four diamonds asks for side shortness (opener bids four of a major with shortness there, four notrump with no shortness, or five of a minor with shortness in the other minor; (d) any other bid is natural. |
3NT开叫后的应叫： (a) (b)4NT为邀请； (c)4 (d)其它任何应叫皆为自然意义。 |
|
417 |
Weak two-bidder’s continuations: After a two-notrump response to a weak two-bid, opener’s rebids are: [default] Feature-showing with a maximum. [leaf] Ogust (three clubs = minimum, weak suit; three diamonds = minimum, strong suit; three hearts = maximum, weak suit; three spades = maximum, strong suit). |
弱二开叫者的后续叫品：在对弱二开叫的2NT应叫之后，开叫者的再叫为： [default] 持高限牌力时则做一个feature示叫。 [leaf] Ogust(3 |
|
418 |
A two-diamond response to two clubs . . . [default] denies the values for a positive response in a hand with either a strong suit (at least six-card length or five cards headed by at least two honors) or acceptable orientation to bid notrump. [leaf] denies the values for a positive response. [leaf] denies a hand suitable for a positive response but shows strength beyond a double negative (a two-heart response would show double-negative strength). |
对2 [default] 否认其为有一手持有一门好花色(至少要有6张以上，或AKQ中至少有2张带头的5张套)或适合叫无将而可以做一个积极应叫的牌值。 [leaf] 否认其为可以做一个积极应叫的牌值。 [leaf] 否认其为一手可以做一个积极花色应叫的牌但所表示的力量超过一个二度消极的力量(以2 |
|
419 |
A suit-bid response to two clubs from three hearts to four diamonds indicates a one-loser suit. |
对2 |
|
420 |
After a two-diamond response and a simple new-suit rebid by opener, responder’s cheapest minor-suit bid through three diamonds is a double negative (after which opener’s same-suit rebid of three of a major may be passed), new-suit single jump is a splinter raise, and double raise is a picture bid (strong trumps and little else). |
在2 |
|
421 |
When two clubs - two diamonds - three notrump shows 25-27 HCP: four clubs = Stayman; four of a red suit = Texas; four spades = minors; five clubs asks for aces (0, 1, 2, . . . replies) |
当使用2 |
|
422 |
These methods apply after a two-notrump opening bid, a two-notrump rebid by a two-club opener following a two-diamond response, and a two-notrump rerebid by a two-club opener in the sequence two clubs-two diamonds-two hearts (Kokish)-two spades (relay)-two notrump: |
这些叫法适用于2NT开叫、2 |
|
(a) Texas (four-level) transfers, after which four notrump is Key-Card Blackwood and a new-suit bid is Exclusion Key-Card Blackwood; (b) Gerber; (c) three spades showing both minors; (d) Jacoby (three-level) transfers, after which a notrump bid or a new-suit bid is natural, a self-raise to the four level is a slam-try, and a new-suit jump is an “auto splinter” (a one-suiter with shortness in the bid suit); (e) Stayman, with responder’s three-of-a-major rebid over three diamonds Smolen. There is no agreement on the difference between showing the same major-suit shape via transfer and via Smolen. |
(a)Texas(四阶)转移叫，之后的4NT为KCB且新花为除外关键张黑木约定叫； (b)Gerber； (c)3 (d)Jacoby(三阶)转移叫，之后无将及新花皆为自然叫，自动支持到四阶为满贯试探，且跳叫新花为一个“Auto-Splinter”(一门独立花色持一个短门在所跳叫花色上)； (e)Stayman，在3 |
|
|
423 |
Response to a one-notrump opening: |
对1NT开叫后的应叫： |
|
(a) Texas (four-level) transfers, after which four notrump is Key-Card Blackwood, and a new-suit bid is Exclusion Key-Card Blackwood; |
(a)Texas(四阶)转移叫，之后的4NT为KCB，以及新花为除外关键张黑木约定叫； |
|
|
(b) Gerber; |
(b)Gerber； |
|
|
(c) Jacoby (two-level) transfers, after which a notrump bid or a new-suit bid is natural (transferring to spades and then bidding hearts shows at least five-five), a self-raise to the three level is invitational, a self-raise to the four level is a slam-try, and a new-suit jump is an “auto splinter” (a one-suiter with shortness in the bid suit); |
(c)Jacoby(二阶)转移叫，之后无将及新花皆为自然叫(转换2 |
|
|
(d) Stayman (possibly a weak hand; opener bids hearts with both majors), followed by responder’s bid of: (i) two hearts is weak (scrambling for a two-level contract with length in both majors); (ii) two spades is invitational; (iii)three of a major is invitational if a direct raise, or Smolen (forcing; ostensibly four of the bid major and five of the other) if over two diamonds, or a slam-try in opener’s shown major if in the unbid major; |
(d)Stayman(可能是弱牌；开叫者持两高时先叫2 (i) 2 (ii)2 (iii)三阶高花，若为直接加叫则为邀请；若开叫者再叫2 |
|
|
(e) four-suit transfers with two spades = clubs, two notrump = diamonds, three clubs = both minors weak (nonforcing), [default] three of another suit = both minors strong. [leaf] two spades to show minors (or a weak hand with diamonds), two notrump as invitational, three of a minor as weak. [leaf] two spades to show minors (or a weak hand with diamonds), two notrump as invitational, three of a minor as invitational. |
(e)四门花色转移叫 2 2NT表示 3 [default] 其它三阶花色为两低强牌。 |
|
|
[leaf] 2 [leaf] 2 |
||
|
|
Responder is unpassed except where otherwise stated. |
应叫者未派司过除非其它状况。 |
|
424 |
Responses: These methods apply to responding to a major-suit opening: |
应叫：这些方法适用于一阶高花开叫后的应叫： |
|
(a) a one-notrump response is “semi-forcing” (limited to at most game-invitational strength); |
(a)1NT应叫为“半逼叫性”(限制在至多有邀请成局的力量)； |
|
|
(b) a two-over-one response is forcing to game except where responder rebids his suit simply after opener has not promised extra values; |
(b)二盖一应叫为逼叫成局，除非开叫者的再叫未保证额外力量且应叫者简单叫回自己花色； |
|
|
(c) a single raise is moderately constructive (when responding with a weaker fitting hand, bid one notrump planning to rebid two of the major, a sequence that could also show 6-9 HCP and a doubleton fit); |
(c)简单加叫为中度结构性(当持弱牌的支持时，可先应叫1NT然后在二阶叫回原开叫高花，若持6-9 HCP的双张支持也可用同样的叫法来表示)； |
|
|
(d) a double raise is invitational with four or more trumps (with equivalent values and only three trumps, respond one notrump planning to rebid three of the major after a minimum new-suit rebid); |
(d)跳加叫为邀请力量且有4张以上的支持(持相同牌值且仅有3张支持时，可先叫1NT然后在低限新花再叫之后跳叫至三阶开叫高花)； |
|
|
(e) two notrump (no side shortness) or a new-suit double jump (splinter) shows game-forcing strength with at least a four-card fit; |
(e)2NT(旁门无短门)或双跳叫新花(Splinter)皆为逼叫成局且至少有4张支持； |
|
|
(f) a jump-shift followed by support indicates a hand stronger than ordinary game-going values [a jump-shift shows more than ordinary game-going strength (the equivalent of 16 HCP plus), a substantial suit (at least five-card length with at least two of the top three honors), and one of three hand-types: balanced, one-suited, support]; |
(f)跳叫新花为比一般逼叫成局更好的牌[通常为16点以上且为好的花色(至少5张且AKQ中至少有2张)，可能是这三种情况之一的好牌：平均牌、一门长花色、或将牌有配合]； |
|
|
(g) three notrump or a triple raise is a weak preemptive raise, the former showing some defensive strength. |
(g)3NT或直接加叫成局皆为弱的阻击性加叫，前者表示有一些防御的力量。 |
|
|
|
Opener’s rebids: |
开叫者的再叫： |
|
425 |
After a one-spade response to one heart: (a) a one-notrump or two-notrump rebid may include a singleton spade; (b) a three-notrump rebid shows long, strong hearts; (c) a four-heart rebid is unrestricted as to spade length; (d) a four-of-a-minor rebid is a splinter raise. |
在对1 (a) 1NT或2NT再叫容许 (b) 3NT再叫表示有一手长而强的 (c) 4 (d)四阶低花再叫为Splinter支持。 |
|
426 |
One heart-one notrump-two spades is forcing. |
在1 |
|
427 |
After one spade-one notrump-two clubs-?, a two-diamond rebid is [default:] Bart, artificially temporarily suggesting five hearts and converting natural rebids by responder to showing stronger hands than if the same action had been taken directly. { natural. [leaf] } |
在1 |
|
428 |
One of a major-one notrump-rebid one level above a forcing reverse or jump-shift is an autosplinter (big one-suiter; shortness bid). |
一阶高花-1NT之后，再叫比逼叫性逆叫或跳叫新花再加高一阶为Auto-Splinter(即一手独立套，自动示短门)。 |
|
429 |
After a two-over-one response, a two-level reverse or a non-jump three-level new-suit bid shows extra strength, but two notrump or a single raise may be based on a minimum hand. |
二盖一应叫之后，二阶逆叫或非跳叫的三阶新花为表示额外力量，但2NT或简单加叫可能是基于一手低限力量的牌。 |
|
430 |
After a single raise: (a) a reraise to three is preemptive; (b) two notrump is forcing, ostensibly a game-invitation; (c) a simple new-suit bid is a game-try showing length (or a suit where honor strength would be helpful). |
简单加叫之后： (a)再支持到三阶为阻击叫； (b)2NT为逼叫，表示有成局兴趣； (c)简单新花为成局试探且表示长度(或该花色的大牌力量对成局与否有所助益)。 |
|
431 |
After a two-notrump forcing raise: a simple new-suit bid shows shortness, a new-suit jump shows a two-suiter, and the three other game-and-below bids (simple same-suit rebid, three notrump, jump same-suit rebid), herein called TOBs, deny the requirements for any new-suit bid. The TOBs are graded from strongest to weakest (cheapest bid is strongest). |
2NT逼叫性支持之后：简单新花为表示短门，跳叫新花为表示第二门花色，其它成局以下叫法有三种(简单叫回原花色、3NT、跳叫原花色)，称之为TOBs(the Three Other game-and-below Bids)，否认有任何应叫新花的条件。这个TOBs的强弱等级是由最强到最弱(最便宜的最强)。 |
|
432 |
After a direct limit raise to three of opener’s major: the cheapest bid asks for shortness. One heart-three hearts-three notrump is a control-bid in spades. |
直接有限支持到开叫高花的三阶之后：最便宜叫品为询问短门。1 |
|
433 |
Passed-Hand Situations: These methods apply to responding to a major-suit opening by a passed hand: (a) one notrump is semi-forcing (6-12 points); (b) two clubs is Drury-Fit (a hand too strong for a single raise, but unsuited to a higher bid); (c) three clubs is natural, similar to two diamonds but with long clubs; (d) a jump-shift other than three clubs is a strong raise with length in the suit bid; (e) a double jump-shift is a splinter raise. |
开叫派司者的状况：这些方法适用于一个开叫派司者对一阶高花开叫后的应叫： (a)1NT为半逼叫性(6-12点)； (b)2 (c)3 (d)3 (e)双跳叫新花为Splinter支持。 |
|
|
Responder is unpassed except where otherwise stated. |
应叫者未派司过除非其它状况。 |
|
|
Responses: |
应叫： |
|
434 |
After a one-club opening, responder normally bids one diamond with longer diamonds than either major, or with four-four in diamonds and a major in a hand worth at least a game invitation; but the normal response is in a four-card major with a minimum-range response and four-four in a major and diamonds. |
1 |
|
435 |
A one-notrump response to a minor opening shows 6-10 points. |
对一阶低花开叫后的1NT应叫为6-10点。 |
|
436 |
A two-club response to one diamond is forcing to game except where responder rebids his suit simply after opener has not promised extra values. (Thus, in particular, one diamond-two clubs-three clubs and one diamond-two clubs-two diamonds-three diamonds are forcing. With three=six in the minors and invitational strength, responder’s normal plan is two clubs followed by three clubs.) |
对1 |
|
437 |
A two-notrump response to a minor opening is natural and invitational. |
对一阶低花开叫的2NT应叫为自然且邀请成局。 |
|
438 |
A single minor-suit raise is game-invitational or stronger and denies a four-card or longer major; a double raise is preemptive (but of sufficient strength to support a contract of three notrump or four of the minor opposite a balanced hand with 18-19 HCP); a double jump-shift is a game-forcing splinter. |
低花简单加叫为邀请成局以上力量且否认有4张以上高花；跳加叫为阻击叫(当开叫者有18-19 HCP时，有足够的力量打3NT或四阶低花)；双跳叫新花为逼叫成局的Splinter。 |
|
439 |
A jump-shift response shows a strong suit (at least five to at least two of the top three honors) and one of three hand-types: long suit, good support, balanced or near-balanced. |
跳叫新花应叫为一门好花色(至少有5张且AKQ中至少有2张)，且可能为以下三种情形之一：一门长花色、好的支持、平均或半平均牌型。 |
|
440 |
A three-notrump response to a minor-suit opening shows a balanced hand, 16-17 HCP, and little suit-slam interest. |
对低花的3NT应叫为平均牌型，16-17 HCP，且少许的将牌满贯兴趣。 |
|
441 |
A triple jump-shift response to a minor-suit opening is natural (an exception to “one level above a splinter is Exclusion Key-Card Blackwood”). |
对低花开叫的三级跳叫新花应叫为自然意义(对“比Splinter更高一阶为Exclusion Key-Card Blackwood”的一个例外)。 |
|
|
Opener’s Rebids: |
开叫者的再叫： |
|
442 |
A one-notrump rebid [default] may not { [leaf] may } include a singleton in responder’s suit. |
1NT再叫[default]不可能{[leaf]可能}包含一门单张在应叫者的花色上。 |
|
443 |
In rebidding, after having opened in a minor suit: (a) with 4=3=3=3 or 3=4=3=3, rebid in notrump over a one-over-one response that does not hit a four-card fit; (b) with 4-4-3-2 too weak to open one notrump and lacking four-card support, rebid in a four-card suit at the one level when possible; (c) with 4-4-3-2 too strong to open one notrump and lacking four-card support: (1) with 4=4=2=3 after a one-diamond response, rebid two notrump; (2) otherwise use judgment to decide whether to rebid two notrump or a four-card suit at the one level. |
当再叫时，在开叫一阶低花之后： (a)持4=3=3=3或3=4=3=3时，一盖一应叫后再叫无将而不再暗示一个4张的配合； (b)持4-4-3-2的牌太弱而不能开叫1NT且缺乏4张支持时，则尽可能在一阶叫出4张花色； (c)持4-4-3-2的牌太强而不能开叫1NT且缺乏4张支持时： (1)持4=4=2=3的牌在1 (2)否则运用判断力来决定是否再叫2NT或在一阶叫出4张花色。 |
|
444 |
Opener’s reverse after a one-level suit response is forcing and promises a rebid below game. |
一阶新花应叫之后的开叫者逆叫为逼叫且保证在成局前的一次再叫。 |
|
445 |
Opener’s rebid one level above either a jump-shift or a forcing reverse is a game-forcing splinter raise. |
开叫者再叫比跳叫新花或逼叫性逆叫再加高一阶为逼叫成局的Splinter支持。 |
|
446 |
Opener’s reverse after a one-notrump response is forcing. |
在1NT应叫之后，开叫者的逆叫为逼叫。 |
|
447 |
Opener’s double jump to three notrump shows a long, usually strong suit. |
开叫者的双跳叫到3NT表示有一门长且通常是强的花色。 |
|
448 |
After a strong single minor raise, opener can (1) show willingness to play in three of his minor by bidding it, (2) bid two notrump nonforcing, or (3) bid a new suit (after which the bidding may still stop at three of the agreed minor). |
应叫者低花加叫示强后，开叫者可以： (1)在三阶叫回自己的低花表示愿意打这个定约， (2)叫2NT不逼叫，或 (3)叫新花(然后可能仍停在三阶开叫低花)。 |
|
449 |
Opener’s reverse of the form one diamond-two clubs-two of a major does not promise extra values. |
形成1 |
|
450 |
After a natural, nonforcing two-notrump response: (a) a simple rebid of opener’s suit is nonforcing; (b) any new-suit bid at the three level is forcing. |
一个自然且不逼叫的2NT应叫之后： (a)开叫者花色的简单再叫为不逼叫； (b)任何三阶新花为逼叫。 |
|
451 |
Passed-Hand Situations: When responder to a minor-suit opening is a passed hand: (a) A one notrump response shows 6-10; two notrump shows 11-12. (b) A single raise is invitational or stronger, but not forcing. (c) A preemptive double raise has the same range as by an unpassed hand. (d) A jump-shift shows a strong hand, a fit, and length in the bid suit. (e) A double jump-shift is a splinter raise. |
开叫派司者的状况：当对一阶低花开叫的应叫者为开叫派司者时： (a)1NT应叫表示有 6-10点；2NT表示有 11-12点。 (b)简单加叫为邀请以上力量，但不逼叫。 (c)阻击性跳加叫与非开叫派司者的跳加叫有相同的牌力范围。 (d)跳叫新花为强牌，有配合，所叫花色有长度。 (e)双跳叫新花为Splinter支持。 |
|
|
Responder is unpassed except where otherwise stated. |
应叫者未派司过除非特殊情形。 |
|
452 |
After a new-suit one-level response: (a) opener’s single raise shows a minimum opening of requisite shape; (b) with 4=3=5=1 or 4=3=1=5 distribution, opener should rebid in spades after a one-heart response. |
新花一阶应叫之后： (a)开叫者的简单加叫表示为起码牌型的低限开叫； (b)持4=3=5=1或4=3=1=5分配时，在1 |
|
453 |
After a one-level new-suit response and opener’s simple new-suit rebid: (a) two notrump or three of any suit previously bid is invitational; (b) a fourth-suit bid that is either a reverse or a three-level bid is forcing to game; (c) a fourth-suit non-reverse at the two level is [de-fault:] forcing for one round, and responder may pass if opener bids two of responder’s first suit, two notrump, or a non-reverse minimum number in one of his own suits { forcing to game [leaf] }; (d) a bid one level above a not-game-forcing fourth-suit bid is natural (five-five or more) and game-forcing (to invite with the same shape, responder bids the fourth suit cheaply twice); (e) a bid one level above a game-forcing fourth-suit bid is a splinter; (f) after one club-one diamond-one heart-?, [default] one spade shows spades and is similar to a one-over-one response, two spades is an artificial fourth-suit bid [leaf] one spade is a fourth-suit bid but may be weak. |
一阶新花应叫且开叫者的简单新花再叫之后： (a)2NT或三阶非新花为邀请； (b)第四门花色若为逆叫或三阶叫牌，即为逼叫成局； (c)第四门花色为二阶且非逆叫时，即为[default:]逼叫一轮，且如果开叫者二阶叫回应叫者的第一次花色、2NT、或以最便宜方式叫回开叫者自己的两门花色之一且未逆叫时，应叫者可以派司{逼叫成局[leaf]}； (d)当第四门花色为非逼叫成局时，多跳叫一阶为自然意义(5-5以上)且逼叫成局(如要邀请时，应叫者可以连叫两次该第四门花色)； (e)当第四门花色为逼叫成局时，多跳叫一阶为Splinter； (f)在1 [default] 1 [leaf] 1 |
|
454 |
After opener’s one-notrump rebid: (a) responder’s rebid of the cheapest two of an unbid minor is artificial, forcing, and promising at least game-invitational strength (opener’s priorities over such a bid are: show three-card fit for responder’s original suit, show four-card length in the unbid major, show a minimum with the cheapest other bid, show a maximum descriptively with anything else; responder’s next bid is forcing unless it is two of his original suit, two notrump, or a raise to three of the major just bid by opener); (b) responder’s rebid of three of the cheapest unbid minor is weak. (c) four clubs is Gerber. |
开叫者的1NT再叫之后： (a)应叫者的二阶最便宜的未叫低花再叫为人为，逼叫，且保证至少有邀请成局的力量(开叫者再叫的优先级为：以3张支持应叫者的第一次花色，叫出未叫高花保证4张，叫其它最便宜的花色为示弱，叫以上未提及花色为示强；应叫者的下一次叫品为逼叫，除非是二阶自己原花色、2NT、或三阶加叫开叫花色。)； (b)应叫者再叫三阶最便宜的未叫低花为弱叫； (c)4 |
|
455 |
After a one-level suit response and opener’s simple same-suit rebid: (a) a third-suit bid that is a reverse or a three-level bid is forcing to game; (b) a third-suit non-reverse at the two level is forcing for one round, and responder may pass if opener bids two of responder’s first suit or three of opener’s suit; (c) a non-reverse jump to three of a third suit is natural (five-five or more) and game-forcing (to invite with the same shape, responder bids two and then three of the third suit); (d) a bid one level above a game-forcing third-suit bid is a splinter. |
一阶新花应叫且开叫者的简单相同花色再叫之后： (a)第三门花色若为逆叫或三阶叫牌，即为逼叫成局； (b)第三门花色为二阶且非逆叫时，即为逼叫一轮，且如果开叫者二阶叫回应叫者的第一次花色或三阶叫回开叫花色时，应叫者可以派司； (c)非逆叫的跳叫到第三门花色为自然意义(5-5以上)且逼叫成局(如要邀请时，应叫者可以在二、三阶上连叫两次该第三门花色) (d)当第三门花色为逼叫成局时，多跳叫一阶为Splinter。 |
|
456 |
After a one-level new-suit response and opener’s rebid-promising reverse, any rebid by responder is forcing to game except two of his original suit and the cheaper of a fourth-suit bid and two notrump. |
一阶新花应叫且开叫者的逆叫保证再叫之后，应叫者的任何再叫皆为逼叫成局，除非二阶叫回原花色、最便宜的第四门花色及2NT。 |
|
457 |
After a one-level new-suit response and opener’s (game-forcing) jump-shift, responder bids naturally. |
一阶新花应叫且开叫者的(逼叫成局)跳叫新花之后，应叫者再叫为自然意义。 |
|
458 |
After opener’s raise of a one-level major-suit response to two: (a) a reraise and two notrump are invitational and nonforcing; (b) three of opener’s minor is forcing for one round; (c) one heart-one spade-two spades-three hearts is forcing to game (similar to after a response of two of a minor; with only invitational strength, responder must either choose a different game-try or bid one notrump originally). |
开叫者的支持一阶高花应叫到二阶之后： (a)再支持及2NT为邀请且不逼叫； (b)三阶开叫者的低花为逼叫一轮； (c)在1 |
|
459 |
After a one-level new-suit response and opener’s two-notrump rebid: (a) responder’s three-club rebid is artificial, and opener bids three diamonds unless he has three-card support for responder’s major (responder’s next bid up to and including three of his original suit is nonforcing; otherwise, responder’s next bid is a signoff if that is possible; otherwise, it is a choice of games if that is possible; otherwise, it is a checkback for an eight-card major-suit fit if possible; otherwise, it converts the three-club rebid into a natural bid in the minor three diamonds over two notrump would not have shown); (b) [default] responder’s three-diamond rebid shows a fit for opener’s minor [leaf] shows diamonds; (c) four clubs is Gerber. |
一阶新花应叫且开叫者的2NT再叫之后： (a)应叫者的3 (b) [default] 应叫者的3 [leaf] 表示有 (c)4 |
|
460 |
After a one-notrump response and opener’s reverse, responder’s rebids of two notrump, three of opener’s first-bid suit, and three of a suit ranking below opener’s original suit are nonforcing. |
1NT应叫且开叫者的逆叫之后，此时应叫者的2NT，三阶开叫花色及三阶开叫花色以下的花色等再叫为不逼叫。 |
|
461 |
After a one-level new-suit response, a responder’s rebid of four of opener’s minor is: (a) a splinter after opener’s simple new-suit rebid; (b) natural and forcing after opener’s simple or jump same-suit rebid. |
一阶新花应叫之后，应叫者的四阶开叫低花之再叫为： (a)开叫者的简单再叫新花之后为Splinter； (b)开叫者的简单或跳叫相同花色之后为自然且逼叫。 |
|
462 |
Passed-Hand Situations: When responder is a passed hand, a third-suit or fourth-suit bid is not forcing unless it is a reverse. |
开叫派司者的状况：当应叫者为开叫派司者时，其第三门或第四门花色除非为逆叫之外否则皆不逼叫。 |
|
|
This section describes agreements about auctions in which our side makes the first bid and the opponents do something other than pass. |
这一节描述有关当我方开叫而敌方加入叫牌时的行动之约定。 |
|
501 |
When our preemptive opening is doubled: (a) Responder’s redouble is strength-showing, temporarily suggests playing for a penalty, and creates a force to the next level of opener’s suit. (b) [default] Responder’s simple new-suit bid below game is forcing, but lead-directional (presumably with a fit). [leaf] nonforcing. (c) [default] Responder’s jump new-suit bid below game is forcing, fit-showing, lead-directional. [leaf] forcing, fit-showing, suggesting length. |
当我方阻击开叫被敌方加倍时： (a)应叫者的再加倍为牌力表示，暂时性建议惩罚敌方，且逼叫到下一阶开叫花色。 (b) [default] 应叫者在成局以下的简单新花为逼叫，或指示首攻(如果有配合的话)。 [leaf] 不逼叫。 (c) [default] 应叫者在成局以下的跳叫新花为逼叫，有配合，指示首攻。 [leaf] 逼叫，有配合，暗示有长度。 |
|
502 |
When our preemptive opening is overcalled: (a)[default] Responder’s simple new-suit bid below game is forcing, suggesting length (can be raised). [leaf] nonforcing. (b) Responder’s jump new-suit bid below game is forcing and fit-showing. |
当我方阻击开叫被敌方插叫时： (a) [default] 应叫者在成局以下的简单新花为逼叫，暗示有长度(可被加叫)。 [leaf] 不逼叫。 (b)应叫者在成局以下的跳叫新花为逼叫，有配合。 |
|
503 |
When our weak two-bid is overcalled, responder’s competitive two-notrump response is forcing and similar to the same bid made noncompetitively. |
我方的弱二开叫被插叫时，应叫者的竞叫性2NT应叫为逼叫且类似于非竞叫性时的这个叫品。 |
|
504 |
When responder raises a preempt to game, whether competitively or not, and an opponent bids, opener may not bid but may double (indicating maximum defensive potential). |
当应叫者对阻击开叫直接加叫成局时，不管是否为竞叫场合，若敌方再叫牌，开叫者可能不叫牌而可能加倍(显示有高限的防御潜力)。 |
|
505 |
When responder raises a preempt below game, whether competitively or not, and an opponent overcalls, opener may not bid and there is no special agreement over whether he may double. |
当应叫者对阻击开叫加叫但未成局时，不管是否为竞叫场合，若敌方再叫牌，开叫者可能不叫牌，但是否可能加倍则没有约定。 |
|
506 |
If two clubs is overcalled, responder’s double shows double-negative strength and a pass is forcing. Opener’s double of the overcall shows a balanced hand. |
如果2 |
|
507 |
There is no agreement about responder’s actions after two clubs is doubled. |
2 |
|
508 |
After a negative response to two clubs and an overcall, (a) opener’s pass is forcing; (b) opener’s double is for penalty. |
对2 (a)开叫者的派司为逼叫； (b)开叫者的加倍为惩罚。 |
|
509 |
After competition following our one-notrump opening: |
我方开叫1NT的竞叫之后： |
|
(a) A double of a natural two-or three-level overcall is negative, of a higher bid is for penalty. |
(a)对于二、三阶的自然插叫，加倍为逼叫，阶位再高即为惩罚。 |
|
|
(b) Over a two-level overcall: lebensohl [two notrump is a puppet to three clubs and responder’s rebid below three of overcaller’s suit is nonforcing; a direct bid of three of an underranking suit is forcing] applies, with “fast denies stopper” for cue-bid and three-notrump direct responses versus responder’s rebids following a two-notrump response. An artificial action is treated as though it had been a natural bid in an anchor suit indicated. |
(b)敌方二阶插叫之后：使用lebensohl [2NT为傀儡到3 |
|
|
(c) A below-game new-suit jump is forcing. |
(c)成局前的跳叫新花为逼叫。 |
|
|
(d) A redouble of an artificial double is strength-showing. |
(d)对于人为意义的加倍，应叫者再加倍为牌力表示。 |
|
|
(e) A double of an artificial bid suggests a penalty double of the escape. |
(e)对于人为意义的插叫，应叫者的加倍暗示一路追杀。 |
|
|
(f) After any penalty suggestion: the opening side is forced to two notrump, below-game new-suit bids are forcing, raises and two notrump are not forcing. |
(f)任何的惩罚性暗示之后：开叫的一方逼叫到2NT，成局前的新花为逼叫，加叫及2NT为不逼叫。 |
|
|
(g) A bid in a suit shown by an artificial defense indicates at least a game-invitation and is forcing to two notrump. |
(g)叫一门被用来表示人为防御的花色时，表示为至少邀请成局且逼叫到2NT。 |
|
|
|
(h) Bids in suits not indicated (although possibly bid) by an artificial action have the same meaning as if the interference had been a natural bid in an indicated suit [for example, one notrump-(two hearts, showing spades)-three hearts is equivalent to one notrump-(two spades, natural)-three hearts]. |
(h)叫一门未被指定(纵使是可能的叫品)用来做为人为行动花色，其意义相同于敌方在明确的花色上的自然叫牌。[例如，1NT-(2 |
|
(i) one notrump-(overcall)-pass-(pass)-double is for takeout, but one notrump-(pass)-pass-(overcall)-double is for penalty. |
(i)在1NT-(争叫)-P-(P)之后，开叫者加倍为逼叫，但在1NT-(P)-P-(争叫)之后，开叫者加倍为惩罚。 |
|
|
510 |
After one notrump-(pass)-two clubs-(double)-?, opener should determine his action by first evaluating his club holding (bid if especially weak, pass if average, redouble if especially strong). [default] { take his normal action had intervenor passed when that action is a major-suit bid (otherwise examine his club holding). [leaf] } |
在1NT-(P)-2 |
|
511 |
After a two-level transfer response to one notrump is doubled [e.g., one notrump-(pass)-two hearts = spades-(double)-?], opener should (a) superaccept (bid above two of the suit indicated by responder) with any of the same, or roughly the same, set of hands that would have been suitable for superacceptance had intervenor passed; (b) accept (or, if appropriate, superaccept) the transfer with at least three-card support for the suit indicated by responder; (c) redouble rather than pass with significant length and strength in the suit bid. |
在对1NT开叫做二阶转移叫之后被加倍[例如，1NT-(P)-2 (a)持任何与当敌方未曾插叫时相同、或大致相同且自己有极度配合同伴花色时，则超级接受(即跳叫支持)； (b)当开叫者对同伴想转换花色有3张以上支持时则接受(或，适当的话，超级接受)转移叫； (c)当被加倍花色有长度及牌力时，开叫者与其派司不如再加倍。 |
|
D. Competition After Our Major-Suit Opening(我方高花开叫后之竞叫) [See also section F., below(亦可参考以下第F节)] |
||
|
512 |
In responding to a major-suit opening over a takeout double： |
若敌方技术性加倍，此时应叫意义如下： |
|
(a) a one-spade response is forcing (by an unpassed hand); |
(a)1 |
|
|
(b) a two-level new-suit response is not forcing; |
(b)二阶新花应叫为不逼叫； |
|
|
(c) two notrump shows a game-invitational or stronger raise of the major (direct jump-raises are preemptive); |
(c)2NT为有限支持或更强(直接跳加叫为阻击性)； |
|
|
(d) a jump-shift is preemptive; |
(d)跳叫新花为阻击叫； |
|
|
(e) a double jump-shift is a splinter raise; |
(e)双跳叫新花为Splinter支持； |
|
|
(f) a redouble shows any other hand-type with 10-plus HCP. |
(f)再加倍表示持10 HCP以上的其它任何牌型。 |
|
|
513 |
In responding to a major-suit opening over an overcall: |
若敌方插叫，此时应叫意义如下： |
|
(a) a double is negative through three spades; |
(a)加倍为否定性加倍，最高到3 |
|
|
(b) two notrump is natural (invitational) and nonforcing (jump or not); |
(b)2NT为自然(邀请)，且不逼叫(不管有无跳叫)； |
|
|
(c) over a simple overcall, a cue-bid shows a raise with game-invitational or greater strength, and a jump cue-bid is a splinter (direct jump-raises are preemptive); |
||
之后
，4张
，3张
及1张